13 Dec
The Philistines generally seem to have retained their autonomy, with the exception of a few periods of partial Israelite and Judean suzerainty, until the era of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. [Weasel words] [ref. needed] In the mid-8th century BC, Tiglath-Pileser III invaded the southern Levant, conquered Aram-Damascus and occupied the remaining kingdoms in the region, including the Philistines. Decades later, Egypt began agitating its neighbors to rebel against the Assyrian occupation. A revolt in Israel was crushed in devastating fashion in 722 BC. AD, leading to the total destruction of the kingdom. In 712 BC. A Philistine named Iamani ascended the throne of Ashdod and, with Egyptian help, organized another failed revolt against Assyria. The Assyrian king Sargon II invaded Philistia, which was effectively annexed by Assyria, although the kings of the five cities, including Iamani, were allowed to remain on their thrones. In his Annals of the Campaign, Sargon II highlights his conquest of Gath in 711 BC [29]. [30] Ten years later, Egypt again incited its neighbors to revolt against Assyria, resulting in the revolt of Ashkelon, Ekron, Judah and Sidon against Sargon`s son and successor, Sennacherib. Sennacherib crushed the rebellion and destroyed many cities in Phoenicia, the Philistines and Judah, although he could not take the Judean capital of Jerusalem.
As punishment, the rebellious nations paid Assyria, and the annals of Sennacherib record that he demanded such tribute from the kings of Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, and Ekron, but Gath is never mentioned, which could indicate that the city was indeed destroyed by Sargon II. The inscriptions at Medinet Habu consist of images depicting a coalition of Sea Peoples, including the Peleset, who are mentioned in the accompanying text as having been defeated by Ramses III during his campaign in 8. Around 1175 BC. Egypt was threatened by a massive land and sea invasion by the “Sea Peoples,” a coalition of foreign enemies that included the Tjeker, Shekelesh, Deyen, Weshesh, Teresh, Sherds, and PRST. They were largely defeated by Ramses III, who fought them at “Jahy” (the eastern coast of the Mediterranean) and at the “mouth of the rivers” (Nile delta) and recorded his victories in a series of inscriptions in his mortuary temple at Medinet Habu. Scientists have not been able to conclusively determine which images correspond to the peoples depicted in the reliefs depicting two major battle scenes. A separate relief on one of the bases of the Osirid columns, accompanied by hieroglyphic text clearly identifying the person depicted as a captive Peleset chief, depicts a bearded man without a headdress. [94] This led to the interpretation that Ramses III defeated the Sea Peoples, including the Philistines, and settled their captives in fortresses in southern Canaan; Another related theory is that the Philistines invaded the coastal plain and colonized it themselves. [95] The soldiers were quite tall and clean-shaven.
They wore cuirasses and short kilts, and their superior weapons included chariots drawn by two horses. They carried small shields and fought with straight swords and spears. [96] one of the Old Testament peoples of the coast of Palestine, who died in the early 14th century. In the nineteenth century, the war against the Israelites, from the Old French Philistine, from the late Latin Philistinus, from the late Greek Philistinoi (plural), from the Hebrew P`lishtim, “people of P`lesheth” (“Philistines”); cf. Akkadian Palastu, Egyptian Palusata; The word is probably the name of the people for themselves. Hence “a pagan enemy, an insensible enemy” (circa 1600). “Person perceived by the writer or orator as deficient in liberal culture,” 1827, originally in Carlyle, popularized by him and Matthew Arnold, by the German Philistine “enemy of the Word of God,” literally “Philistine,” inhabitant of a biblical land, neighbors (and enemies) of Israel (see Philistines). Nothing certain is known about the language of the Philistines.
For example, the Philistine word for captain, “serene,” may be related to the Greek word tyrannos (thought by linguists to have been borrowed by the Greeks from an Anatolian language such as Luwian or Lydian.[123] Although most Philistine names are of Semitic origin (such as Ahimelech, Mitinti, Hannu and Dagon),[121] some of the Philistine names such as Goliath, Achish and Phicol appear to be of non-Semitic origin, and Indo-European etymologies have been proposed. Recent discoveries of inscriptions in hieroglyphic Luvian in Palistine prove a link between the language of the kingdom of Palistine and the Philistines of the southwestern Levant. [124] [125] [126] We are encouraged to “meet the craftsman,” which may lead you to reach the Doritos in a philistine way. A philistine is a person who does not think much and is not interested in learning. His uncle Marvin, who is only interested in eating, sleeping and watching game shows, could be considered a philistine. To console themselves for their failures, they coined the word Philistine, which expresses their contempt for the public. Rabbinic sources say that the Philistines of Genesis were different people from the Philistines of Deuteronomistic history (the series of books of Joshua to 2 Kings). [33] According to the Talmud (Chullin 60b), the Philistines of Genesis mingled with the Avvites. This distinction was also made by the authors of the Septuagint (LXX), who translated their basic text into allophuloi (Greek: ἀλλόφυλοι, “other nations”) instead of philistines in the books of Judges and Samuel (instead of transcribe).
[33] [47] In the late 17th century, during a conflict in Jena, Germany, between city dwellers and students, someone referred to city dwellers as “Philistines.” Since then, the philistine refers to someone who opposes learning and the arts. And if you don`t start reading the great Russian authors, someone might suggest that you have a philistine attitude towards literature – the word can also be used as an adjective describing a person or thing that shows indifference to the arts and intellectual aspirations. I suppose that the post of art tsar, like so many other posts, would have remained vacant in the present Philistine administration. Although the Bible cites Dagon as the chief god of the Philistines, there is a lack of evidence to suggest that the Philistines had a particular inclination to worship Dagon. In fact, no evidence of the worship of Dagon is discernible at Philistine sites, even theophoric names referring to the deity missing from the already limited corpus of known Philistine names. Another Iron Age I assessment finds the cult of Dagon seemingly non-existent in any immediate Canaanite context, let alone one who is undeniably Philistine. [129] However, this does not mean that the cult of Dagon was completely unknown among the Philistines, and multiple mentions of a city in Assyrian, Phoenician, and Egyptian sources known as Beth Dagon may indicate that the god was worshipped in at least some parts of the Philistines. [129] Typically, “Philistine” artifacts appear in Canaan in the 12th century BC.Pottery of Philistine origin has been found far from the later nucleus of the Philistines, including most Iron Age I sites in the Jezreel Valley; However, as the amount of these potteries is small, it is believed that the presence of the Philistines in these regions was not as strong as in their central area, and that they were probably a minority who had assimilated into the indigenous Canaanite population in the 10th century BC. [28] The cities excavated in the area attributed to the Philistines testify to careful urban planning, including industrial areas. Ekron`s olive industry alone includes about 200 olive oil plantations. Engineers estimate that the city`s production may have been more than 1,000 tons, or 30 percent of Israel`s current production. [96] The “Pelesets” appear in four different texts from the New Kingdom era. [94] Two of them, the inscriptions of Medinet Habu and the rhetorical stele of Deir al-Medina, date from the reign of Ramses III (1186-1155 BC). [94] Another was created immediately after the death of Ramesses III (Harris I Papyrus). [94] The fourth, the onomasticon of Amenope, is dated to the late 12th or early 11th century BC. [94] Several theories are advanced about the origins of the Philistines.